When diagnosed with something as deadly as cancer, fertility may not be the immediate concern. However, once cancer is cured and life goes on, the harmful effects of the treatment undergone may show up in the form of impaired fertility.

Ironically, fertility enhancing treatments also seem to have the same effect on cancer, by increasing the risk of cancer in women who undergo fertility treatment.

Treatment for infertility almost always involves intake of fertility drugs, but it appears by improving fertility and the chances of a woman to conceive, the fertility drugs may simultaneously be increasing the risk of cancer. The risk of uterine cancer in particular is seen to increase.

Ovulation-inducing drugs are common in treatment of infertility. The effects of these drugs on the health of the women who use them have not been verified yet.

The studies conducted on the topic come out with contradictory findings on the direct relationship between medication intake and ovarian or breast Cancer. Certain constraints on the research such as the short duration of study or inclusion of women with a higher propensity for cancer due to other reasons are cited as reasons for lack of absolute clarity in the findings.

A recently conducted study on 15,000 Israeli women 30 years after they gave birth was published in the American Journal of Epidemiology. Out of this large group, 567 had used ovulation-inducing drugs. 362 women also took the fertility drug clomiphene. The study revealed that the subjects developed cancer at a higher rate than the other drug-free women; they were also at a higher risk for developing other forms of cancer.

A study conducted at the Stanford University also says that the correlation between ovarian cancer and fertility drugs was more predominant in those women who took fertility drugs, but never became pregnant. This could suggest the cancer risk to be associated with the type of infertility rather than the treatment drug use itself.

Besides breast cancer, increased risk of developing other forms of cancer, like skin cancer and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma were also noted. Still, in spite of the large sample used in the study, scientists say it is not easy to draw reliable conclusions because a detailed history of fertility drug use for all the women were not available. Also, only a very small percentage of women developed uterine cancer.

The findings are nonetheless significant. Medication that blocks the brain’s estrogen receptors are found to increase the risk of uterine cancer.

Alex White is a free lance writer and a health & fitness expert who has been associated with several health care providers across various specialties. Through his articles, Alex White wishes to inform and educate public about breast Cancer which will benefit those who are looking for resourceful information regarding health.

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Identifying A Breast Cancer’s Stage

When talking about breast cancer stages, it is aimed at describing the extent of the cancer in the body. So, if you ask how a breast cancer is staged, doctors often start to classify whether it is invasive or non-invasive. Other factors considered are the tumor size, number of nymph modes involved, and what other parts of the body it has managed to affect.

Determining a cancer’s stage is helpful during prognosis and deciding on a treatment option.

To determine the stage, a few standard procedures are done by the doctor on a patient. They undergo physical exam and biopsy to acquire the data needed by the doctor for the diagnosis.

If needed, further tests are also conducted such as imaging tests that include x-ray, bone scans, mammograms for the breasts, CT scans, positron emission tomography (PET), and magentic resonance imaging.

What Are the Breast Cancer Stages?

Now that the importance of determining the different breast cancer stages have been clarified, as well as the methods used to identify them, it is now time to move on to discussing each of the stages. Take note of the features and extent of the cancer in each of the stages:

Breast Cancer Stage 0

This stage renders the case of breast cancer to be non-invasive. At this point of the breast cancer, cancer or non-cancerous cells cannot be detected yet.

The abnormal cells are still at the stage wherein they try to spread out within the specific part of the breast where the cells are rooted. Also, they can try to expand on the neighboring tissues as the cancerous cells continue to grow.

Breast Cancer Stage I

Once the breast cancer enters this stage, it is now categorized as an invasive type of breast cancer. Meaning, the cancer cells have now worked their way towards the neighboring tissues. Stage I breast cancer also exhibit the following characteristics:

• The cancerous tumor has reached the size of 2 centimeters.
• No lymph modes are affected.

Breast Cancer Stage II

For this particular stage of breast cancer, it is also known as an invasive type of cancer and is broken down into two more categories:

1) Stage IIA

Even in this particular stage, the conditions can be different:

• A tumor does not exist in the breast but cancerous cells are detected in the lymph nodes.
• A tumor could exist but measures less than 2 centimeters;
• The tumor has expanded beyond 2 centimeters but less than 5 centimeters without reaching the lymph nodes.

2) Stage IIB

This invasive level of the cancer are recognized as either one of the following:

• The tumor exceeds 2 centimeters in size but less than 5 centimeters, while also reaching the lymph nodes.
• The tumor is more than 5 centimeters in size but has not yet reached the axillary lymph nodes.

Breast Cancer Stage III

1) Stage IIIA

In this stage, the tumor could either be detected or not. Aside from the axillary lymph nodes, cancer can also stick to other structures outside of the lymph nodes and become clumped together.

2) Stage IIIB

In this stage, the tumor can grow in size and affect other areas of the body outside of the actual breast, whether th chest wall or skin of the breast. This is the stage wherein inflammatory breast cancer takes place.

3) Stage IIIC

In some cases, sign of breast cancer might not be detectable yet. However, the tumor could already be spreading towards the breast skin, chest wall, and below your collarbone.

Breast Cancer Stage IV

In this level, the cancerous cells have managed to spread to various organs of the body. Therefore, the cancer is no longer restricted on the breast and lymph nodes, which signifies the initial diagnosis of breast cancer. The reason why diagnosis is done only during this stage is because cancerous cells were not detected while still within the breast.

Recognizing breast cancer stages does more than just identifying treatment options, but also enables doctors and patients to understand the developmental pattern of the disease.

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1. There is a lump or thickening in underarm area or near the breast.
2. There is a change in the shape or size of the breast.
3. The direction of the nipple turns inward in the breast.
4. Some discharge of fluid from the nipple. If the discharge is bloody then it is more risky.
5. Dimpling or puckering in the skin of the breast.
6. The skin on the breast becomes red, scaly or swollen skin. These symptoms may even appear on the nipple or areola (dark area of skin at the center of the breast).

If any person is suffering from any of these symptoms then he or she may immediately contact to an expert of cancer so that the problem can be diagnosed and treated properly ion time.

Diagnosis of Breast Cancer

You can also get yourself checked with doctor even if you are not suffering from breast cancer. Doctors after asking some questions about personal and family recommend some clinical breast exams and mammograms to detect the cancer in the early stage. If cancer is detected in early stage then it can be treated properly.

Clinical breast exam- in this process the health care provider checks your breasts. They may ask you to raise your arms over your head or press your hands against your hips. The health provider observes the changed shape and size of the breasts. He also checks your breast if there is any rash, dimpling or other abnormal signs. To check the fluid of the nipple the health experts squeeze the nipple.

Mammogram is related with an x-ray picture of tissue inside the breast. It gives the result before any person can feel the lump. So it is advisable to get regular screening mammograms especially after 40 for the detection of breast cancer at early stage.

Other imaging tests for the confirmation of breast cancer are ultrasound and MRI. These tests will help to get detailed pictures of breast tissue.

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The following information is needed to determine breast cancer type:

Invasive or noninvasive cancer?

Knowing whether the cancer is invasive or noninvasive helps the doctor to determine if the cancer has spread further than the breast. The appropriate treatments and the risk for further development of cancer are also determined.

1. Noninvasive breast cancer: Noninvasive or in situ breast cancer refers to a type of cancer where the cells have remained within the place of origin and have not spread to tissues of the breast near the duct or lobule. The common type of noninvasive breast cancer is ductal cancer in situ. This cancer is confined to the lining of the milk ducts. The cells have not spread to the surrounding tissue of the breast.

2. Invasive breast cancer: Invasive breast cancers invade the surrounding tissues and spread outside the membrane that lines a duct or lobule. The caner cells thus travel to other regions of the body, including lymph nodes. A stage of I, II, III, or IV is indicative of invasive breast cancer.

Cancer began at which part of the breast?

The severity of breast cancer depends on the nature of tissue affected. It also indicates how the cancer will progress. The following are some areas where breast cancer develops:

1. Milk ducts: The most common form of Breast Cancer Type is ductal carcinoma. It affects the lining of the milk duct present within the breast. The ducts are the carriers of breast milk from the lobules to the nipple.

2. Milk-producing lobules: Lobular carcinoma originates in the breast lobules. This is the site of milk production. The lobules are connected to the ducts.

3. Connective tissues: Breast cancer rarely originates in the connective tissue that comprises of muscles, fats, and blood vessels. Cancer that develops in the connective tissue is known as sarcoma. Phyllodes tumor and angiosarcoma are two types of carcinomas that can develop in the breast.

What is the appearance of cancer cells?

The following factors are taken into consideration when a sample of the cancer is place under a microscope.

1. Cells with novel appearances: Invasive ductal carcinoma cells take on unique and novel appearances when viewed under a microscope.

2. Difference between cancer cells and normal ones: Cancer grade is decided based on the difference between cancer cells and normal ones. This will also affect breast cancer symptoms.

Alvis Walter is a cancer consultant and a guide for Breast Cancer Type . To know more information about Male Breast Cancer, Gamma Knife, malignant mesothelioma, breast cancer symptoms, Myelodysplastic Syndrome, Rhabdomyosarcoma and Mantle Cell Lymphoma visit www.cancery.com

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Breast Cancer Type:

Ductal Carcinoma In-Situ (DCIS): this is a type of early breast cancer which is confined to the inside of the ductal system.

Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma (IDC): one of the most common breast cancer types whose prognosis represents 78% of all malignancies. The lesions appear as stellate i.e. star like or well-circumscribed a rounded areas on mammograms. The stellate lesions generally said to have a poorer prognosis.

Medullary Carcinoma: Medullary carcinoma is reported for 15% of all breast cancer type. This breast cancer type most frequently occurs in women in their late 40s and 50s. Their mammography presents with cells that resemble the medulla that is the gray matter of the brain.

Infiltrating Lobular Carcinoma (ILC): Infiltrating lobular carcinoma a breast cancer type that usually appears as a subtle thickening in the upper-outer quadrant of the breast. ILC breast cancer type represents 5% of all diagnosis. If this breast cancer type occurs, they are basically positive for estrogen and progesterone receptors, and thus breast cancer type ILC tumors respond well to hormone therapy.

Tubular Carcinoma: this breast cancer type makes up about 2% of all breast cancer diagnosis. Tubular carcinoma breast cancer type the cells have a distinctive tubular structure when viewed under a microscope. Breast cancer type of Tubular Carcinoma is found in women aged 50 and above, though with treatment it has an excellent 10-year survival rate of 95%.

Mucinous Carcinoma (Colloid): Mucinous carcinoma breast cancer symptoms represents approximately 1% to 2% of all breast carcinoma. This breast cancer type has favorable prognosis in most of the cases. The main differentiating feature is mucus production and also cells that are poorly defined.

Inflammatory Breast Cancer (IBC): though this breast cancer type of inflammatory breast cancer is rare but it is very aggressive type of breast cancer. It is so called because breast often looks swollen and red as if inflamed, and this all happens because the lymph vessels in the skin of the breast tend to become blocked. IBC accounts for 1% to 5% of all breast cancer cases in the United States.
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Alvis Walter is a cancer consultant and a guide for Cancer. To know more information about Breast Cancer Type and breast cancer symptoms visit www.cancery.com

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It is reported that only 1 percent of the people suffering from breast cancer are actually men. The main reason why people do not think that male breast cancer actually exists is because men don’t have breasts. However, they do have breast tissue. This breast tissue in men normally stays small and flat. Some men develop what look like medium or large breasts. In actual fact, this is just fat collection as the man will more than likely be unfit and overweight. Some men do also grow actual breasts as a result of medication or unusually high hormone levels within the body.

There are a few factors to consider when looking at male breast cancer. Those factors are as follows and may vary from person to person. It is important to remember when looking at the factors that because the chance of getting breast cancer in males is low, there haven’t been a lot of studies looking into male breast cancer.

* Aging – Getting older can be just a bigger factor as it is for women developing breast cancer. The usual age when men are diagnosed with breast cancer is around the mid 60’s.

* Higher estrogens levels than normal can be a factor for men developing breast cancer. If a man is taking hormone medication for some reason, he may begin to develop breasts. As a result, he may be more at risk of developing breast cancer.

* Being obese or overweight increases the body’s production of estrogens levels within a male. This then makes them more at risk of getting breast cancer.

* It can be genetically passed on from male to male in the family. If there is a history of breast cancer within other males in the same family, there is much more chance of developing it later on in life.

* If the male has had radiation treatment to treat such diseases like Hodgkin’s disease can increase a man risk of getting breast cancer. This is especially true if the radiation treatment was given to the patient before they turned thirty years of age.

Symptoms in male breast cancer are not unlike what women get when they develop breast cancer. While breast cancer in men is still fairly uncommon, it does seem to be on the rise. This could be contributed to the growing problem of people’s waistlines all across the world.

Men developing male breast cancer may experience a lump or bump in the breast, underarm or collarbone area, painful nipples, discharging nipples, inverted nipples and sores around the nipple area.

Just because men sometimes develop breasts, doesn’t necessarily mean that they will go on to develop breast cancer.

The http://www.a1breastcancertips.com/ could help you to educate pertaining to breast cancer, from the symptoms, statistics and facts on how to treat and prevent Breast Cancer.

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Having knowledge about possible breast cancer causes can help create awareness of what lifestyle choices or other health choices are to be made in order to prevent this condition.

Below are just some of the most common causes of this illness recognized to date.

Breast Cancer Cause # 1: Hereditary Factors

Although it has been known that only 5 to 10 percent of cancerous cells are inherited, several cases of women suffering from breast cancer have inherited them in the family.

A significant number of breast cancer patients (about 20 to 30 percent, with other statistical research reaching up to 50 percent) have reported that a close relative previously had the same disease or had any previous record in their family.

Therefore, health experts have opted not to neglect this factor in terms of analyzing this disease in the hopes of finding an effective cure. Genetic defects in either one of two breast cancer genes can be a culprit.

Breast Cancer Cause # 2: Genetic Mutations

As opposed to inherited genes, genetic mutations are recognized as one of the major causes of this disease. This one can be brought about by various environmental factors such as radiation exposure, which happens when a woman previously had a therapy or treatment.

Those women who have undergone any form of treatment that require their chest area to be exposed to radiation are more likely to develop breast cancer, even when the treatment took place at an earlier age. The risk increases for those who have had such treatment during their adolescent years.

Although it does not guarantee that you will be acquiring the disease if you had undergone such treatment requiring exposure to radiation, it does increase the possibility.

As of now, researchers are furthering their efforts to unlock the relationship between environmental factors and an individual’s genetic make-up.

Breast Cancer Cause # 3: Age and Gender

Health experts have identified and proven that the risk of acquiring this illness increases as you age. Therefore, women over the age of 50 take up majority of the demographics for patients suffering from breast cancer. Moreover, those women over 50 who experience this disease suffer from advanced cases of the disease.

Gender could also play a role since women are 100 times more prone to having breast cancer as compared to men.

Breast Cancer Cause # 4: Exposure to DES (diethylstilbestrol)

Pregnant women used to be administered with a drug called DES since it has been known to reduce the possibility of miscarriage. However, recent studies revealed that this exposed the pregnant women and the child (especially daughters) in the womb to higher risk of developing breast cancer.

Breast Cancer Cause # 5: Use of Birth Control Pills

Women in their premenopausal stage who administer birth control pills are at a higher risk of developing breast cancer. This kind of risk though is known to produce short-term effects and the risk is rather small. Since studies are still ongoing, it is best to consult your doctor before using any kind of birth control pills.

Breast Cancer Cause # 6: Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy

Several women undergo this therapy to relieve any menopausal symptoms. Since there are no other motivation for undergoing this treatment aside from relief from menopausal symptoms, it is best to consult your doctor on other methods of finding relief to reduce the risks as this is widely known as one of the causes for breast cancer.

Armed with this knowledge, you can now take precautionary steps to avoid the risks of contracting this serious condition.

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