• 1. Research on risk factors – The Claus risk assessment model was used to discover the subpopulation of people who had an autosomal dominant genetic allele that increased their risk from 10% to 92%. This led to the discovery of the BRCA genes associated with breast, ovarian, and prostate cancer.
• 2. Clinical trial eligibility – The Gail risk assessment model was developed to help researchers determine who to enroll in the NSAPB Breast Cancer Prevention Trials

where chemoprevention was shown to reduce breast cancer risk.

• 3. Guidelines for doing BRCA testing – BRCA testing is very expensive and practically worthless if done on everyone (because it is so rare to be homozygous for BRCA1 or BRCA2). Mathematical models such as the BRCAPRO, BOADICEA, and Tyrer-Cuzick models can help determine what patients should undergo BRCA testing. The decision for testing is usually made when one of these models predicts a 10% or greater chance that there is a mutation of the BRCA1, BRCA2, or both genes.
• 4. Guidelines for doing MRI screening for breast cancer - MRI screening for breast cancer is not a cost effective screening test for the general population, but in specific groups, there are clear cut reasons to do so. In general, screening MRI is recommended for women with 20-25% or greater lifetime risk of breast cancer. The BRCAPRO and Tyrer-Cuzick models have been used to help make clinical decisions about ordering MRIs for breast cancer screening.
• 5. Guidelines for breast cancer therapy - The Gail model is used clinically to help

determine who should be put on tamoxifen or raloxifene for chemoprevention. Other models have been used to help make decisions about breast cancer risk reduction with prophylactic mastectomy.

For these reasons, it is important to understand these models. These models are collectively refered to as “risk assessment tools”. The following paragraphs summarize the most popular and most widely used risk assessment tools. Keep in mind that none of these risk assessment tools apply to breast cancer survivors. No mathematical model has been widely accepted to determine cancer risk in cancer survivors.

General Risk Assessment Tools

Gail Model: The Gail model is a validated risk-assessment model that focuses primarily on nonhereditary risk factors, with limited information on family history. It was developed by scientists at the National Cancer Institute and the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) to assist health care providers in discussing breast cancer risk to determine their eligibility for the Breast Cancer Prevention Trial. The tool allows one to project a woman’s individual estimate of breast cancer risk over a five-year period of time and over her lifetime. It also compares the woman’s risk calculation with the average risk for a woman of the same age. The Gail Model is an on-line quiz that has 13 questions and is interactive. This calculator is based on published risk statistics and methods gathered from peer-reviewed journals, and has been extensively tested for its validity.

The major limitation of the Gail model is the inclusion of only first-degree relatives, which results in underestimating risk in the 50% of families with cancer in the paternal lineage and also takes no account of the age of onset of breast cancer. It may underestimate risk in certain groups, such as obese patients.

National Cancer Institute Model: The NCI risk assessment tool is essentially a simplified Gail Model that also factors in race. Race is a factor in determining breast cancer risk but is excluded when determining eligibility for clinical trials. This tool is probably the most popular risk assessment tool available to the public as an on-line, interactive risk calculator. The on-line quiz is a shorter, nine-point questionnaire that includes multiple factors, giving a woman her future five-year risk of breast cancer and her lifetime risk of breast cancer.

The NCI tool does not account for a lot of risk factors that can be modified. For this reason, it is difficult to use this test as a motivation tool to show people how lifestyle can alter their risk of breast cancer. It also cannot be used in breast cancer survivors, in patients with DCIS, LCIS, or people who carry one of the BRCA genes.

BRCAPRO model: This is a statistical model available as a computer program that uses two different algorithms to evaluate family history and helps a doctor determine the likelihood of finding either a BRCA1 mutation or a BRCA2 mutation in a family. The results of this can be used to determine if BRCA testing is indicated. This is very useful in light of the high cost of BRCA testing ($3,000). None of the nonhereditary risk factors can yet be incorporated into the model, however. In a comparison of four different methods for estimating breast cancer risk in patients with a family history of breast cancer, the BRCAPRO model was the least accurate. It predicted only 49% of the breast cancers that actually occurred in the screened group of patients with a family history of breast cancer.

Harvard Center for Cancer Prevention Risk Assessment Tool: This is another breast cancer risk assessment tool that includes more lifestyle factors than the NCI or Gail Model tools. It has not been studied as extensively as the Gail Model or the simplified NCI model, but it is promising in that it includes many lifestyle factors that people can do to modify their risk of developing cancer. It is also an on-line questionnaire that can be used by both women and men to estimate their breast cancer risk.

Making all this practical

Now after a thorough and confusing discussion of all these statistical models, it’s time to make all this information practical. What is the best way to help a patient accurately assess her risk of breast cancer and if possible, show her what positive factors are reducing her risk and what negative factors can be changed to reduce her risk? If possible, it would also be great to show the patient the value and indications for testing, imaging, chemoprevention, and in some cases surgery. A discussion of the practical aspect of each of these is addressed in a Q & A format below:

Q: What (free) online programs can be used to help a patient assess their risk of breast cancer?

A: Several of the risk assessment tools mentioned above can be accessed for free by the public. Here are the tests and their websites:

• 1. Your Disease Risk – English version: http://www.diseaseriskindex.harvard.edu

This is a great interactive questionnaire that calculates five-year and lifetime risk of breast cancer developed by the Harvard Center for Cancer Prevention and made public online in 2000. In 2005, they launched the Spanish version of the site, “Cuidar de su Salud”. The risk calculator includes lifestyle factors such as weight, dietary vegetables, alcohol intake, as well as Jewish ethnicity. It does not include other ethnicities, however, and is not accurate for BRCA mutation carriers or breast cancer survivors. Despite these issues, this is by far the best free online risk calculator since it is very interactive and gives you a personalized description of your risk in the form of a colored bar graph, which they can electronically manipulate to experience “virtual” risk reduction. The bar graph is a seven-level scale that compares users to a typical man or woman your age. Users learn where to focus their prevention efforts and how to make lifestyle changes by “clicking on” personalized strategies. With each click, the bar graph shrinks, and the user watches his/her predicted risk drop. This is a great concept to motivate people to participate and comply with lifestyle modification measures.

• 2. The NCI Risk Assessment Tool -regular web: http://www.cancer.gov/bcrisktool

This is the easy to use, on-line questionnaire based on a modified Gail model that also includes ethnicity. It does not factor in a personal history of breast cancer, DCIS, or LCIS. It does not account for other factors such as BRCA status, hormonal replacement therapy, lifestyle factors, breast feeding, menopause, or mammographic density. Despite these issues, it is a very useful tool that gives a woman her five-year and lifetime risk of breast cancer. It is the only risk assessment tool that can be used via mobile handheld devices (any type). A version of this can be downloaded for PDAs with Windows Pocket PC operating system as well.

Q: What programs can be used to help a doctor make decisions about ordering a breast MRI?

A: The American Cancer Society has developed some very good guidelines for breast cancer screening with MRI. It should be emphasized that MRI is an adjunct to mammography, not a replacement.

• 1. A Cancer Journal for Clinicians – http://caonline.amcancersoc.org/cgi/content/full/57/2/75

• 2. BRCPRO - ver.4.3 available @ http://www4.utsouthwestern.edu/breasthealth/cagene/default.asp

Dr. Mai Brooks is a surgical oncologist/general surgeon, with expertise in early detection and prevention of cancer. More at www.drbrooksmd.com, thecancerexperience.wordpress.com and progressreportoncancer.wordpress.com.

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What do I do about the other breast? That one is fine, has feeling, is normal, what about that one?

This question is posed from many perspectives, and many women have often wondered if they made the right choice. Well…it really depends on you and your situation.

Over the years as I have spoken and shared my story in groups of women, I have had the honor of hearing their stories; intimate details and thoughts from women who have had breast cancer

Their gut-wrenching and tough decisions that were made almost on a moment’s notice, have brought me to conclude a very important truth; No matter what decision you make – you will always seem to wonder what would have been if you chose the other way.

It is heavy stuff.

Most doctors won’t even touch the emotional side. You sit there and cry, searching for answers in the eyes of a stranger who before the lump, never knew you and has no history with you or your life. It is so overwhelming draining, and exhausting.

You look around and feel lost and helpless and wonder, does anyone understand what I am thinking and feeling?

Absolutely! Yes! We are here to hold your hand and walk through it with you. With the help of, co-workers, women in your church, and even friends who you may be surprised to find out had breast cancer, you will find yourself surrounded by loving and caring women.

You are not alone.

It is okay to cry, share and talk about your thoughts and your feelings. Give permission to family and friends to ask questions and be there to help with whatever they can. Ask for their support, prayers and encouragement – they have no idea what is going on in your head – you need to talk or not, give them opportunity to grieve with you – do not alienate yourself!

Remember, even now more than ever – YOU are a Winning Woman and you will come through it a Winner.

The decision as to whether you will have a single or double mastectomy is exclusively yours, and no one should push you into it. Take time to ask other women, seek counsel from wise friends and research to find out what other women have said about their choice.

It is personal, and it does affect your emotions, your view of yourself physically, your perspective psychologically. How you approach and handle this will convey to those around you including your family. Your attitude and your family’s attitude and responses bounce off of yours. Be open and willing to let them in to go through this together.

So what about that other breast? Well, I made a decision to have a radical mastectomy on the breast with the lump and had 22 lymph nodes removed. I kept the other breast intact and am content and satisfied that I resolved to make this my choice. And I am glad that I did. I call the implant my “softball” as it sometimes rests nice and round atop it’s perch. My other breast is still holding up pretty well and has years left on it. (breast humor) But, I would not choose otherwise, unless I had lumps on both sides.

Ultimately, it comes down to this – they are your breasts. One has been violated and now you choose their destiny. If you are still sexually active and want the feeling in one of your breasts, then a single might be the right choice for you, provided there are no issues with the other breast.

If you have a double, there will be no feeling in your breasts, no nipples that are sensitive to the touch, nothing. They will be any size you want, and you can flaunt them or hide them, whatever you want to do, but you won’t have them part of your sex-life as before due to the lack of sensation.

This point is not usually at the top of the list to talk about, but it is important. Of course, your health is of utmost important and that comes first. Sharing with your husband or partner the side effects of not having a nipple that has any feeling can create a bit of frustration for both of you, however, you can overcome that too. We’ll talk about that one at another time.

Right now, the key decision is about the other breast.

What is your choice? What are your options?

Discuss, pray, talk, seek counsel from other women who have been through it and finally make your decision and know that it is the right one for YOU.

Fight the battle, win the war – You are a Winning Woman!

Founder & First Lady of The Winning Woman Network, Monika Shaw has been a CEO over a multi-million dollar company, an Entrepreneur with several Businesses, won the battle over Breast Cancer, and a mentor to women.

Her passionate vision is for women to be empowered with positive validation in their own hearts and minds, therefore knowing that each woman is special to God.

From her personal and business experiences, she shares rich encouragement and refreshment to the spirits of women who need to hear that they can be who God designed them to be – a Winning Woman!

An Author, Speaker, Coach, and mentor to many women over the years, she brings a message of hope, potential with the possibilities that each woman has within to be a Winning Woman!

For more information click on http://thewinningwomannetwork.com.

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There are many causes of benign breast cancer. These are the changes in the breast tissue, any breast infection or injury, and any medicine that are taken that have caused the lumps or the breast pain. Changes in the tissues of a woman’s breasts occur with the fluctuating levels of estrogen and progesterone during the menstrual cycle.

Types of Benign Breast Conditions

There are many types of lumps and conditions in the breast that are benign and it is very important to know them so that you will not have to be unnecessarily alarmed when you find a lump in one or both of your breasts.

    * Fibrocystic changes. This increases the size and tenderness in the breast before the menstrual period. These lumps are just milk ducts and surrounding tissues that have grown and dilated to form cysts. The lumps that are formed may be hard or rubbery. Fibrocystic changes are often noticeable among women in their 40s.
    * Simple cysts. These are just fluid filled cysts that change in size with the woman’s menstrual cycles.
    * Fibroademonas. These are considered the most common benign tumors in a female breast. They are solid, round, and rubbery, and they can move freely in the breast once they are pushed upon and it is usually painless. This type of benign breast condition is due to the excessive formation of the milk producing glands and the surrounding breast tissue. This condition will most likely occur in women between the age of 20 and 30.
    * Intraductal papillomas. This condition is characterized by small, wart-like growths in the lining of the mammary duct near the nipple area and women between the age of 45 and 50 are the most likely to be affected.
    * Traumatic fatnecrosis. This condition will occur if a trauma like an injury occurs in the breast and the characteristics of the lumps are round, firm, hard, single, and usually painless.

What You Should Do If You Find A Lump

Once you discover a lump in your breast you should immediately see a physician because it might be a benign breast cancer condition. It is recommended to see a doctor right away if you find the following in your breasts:

    * An area that is distinctly different from another area in either breasts
    * A lump or a thickening near the breast or the underarm that is persistent
    * A change in the size, shape, and contour of the breast
    * A mass or lump in your breast
    * Changes in the feel or appearance of the skin on the breast or the nipple.
    * They are dimpled, puckered, and appear scaly or even inflamed.
    * A bloody or clear fluid discharge from the nipples
    * Redness in the skin on the nipple area or anywhere on the breast

A monthly examination of the breast is recommended to detect any abnormalities that are found in the breast and to prevent any development of benign breast lumps.

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Breast cancer is the dangerous disease. In the past decades it was not treatable. The scientists worked on and find out the treatment but still that is dangerous. The breast cancer is what? That is the type of tumor which begins from the breast’s cells. The glands of making milk in the women body cause that cancer in the women. It is also happen in the tubes from where the milk passes to the nipples of the women. The men also pass from that disease but the women face more. The doctor can treat it well but only when you go for check up in the initial stage. If you will aware from symptoms then you will go for proper treatment and will get relief for forever.

That is more dangerous cancer and can cause the death of the infected woman. Some common symptoms are: The first symptom is that the woman feels different in their breasts and or in the nipples of the breast. They might see that their nipples will be swallowed and think. Same is about the other sides of the breast. The women will also feel that their nipples are erecting or are hard enough. Due to hardness, the woman will feel pain on the points of their nipples. Most of the time, they want to rub their nipples.

The other symptom is that the shape of the breast and nipples will become change. They will not look like as they looked before the cancer. That change will not be minor, you feel with one look. The other symptom is that the size of the breast will change due to change in shape of the breast. Some times people feels when those things happen but they do not give attention because of lack of awareness about the breast cancer. In some cases the nipples of the women breast turn inside the breast. That will look like we have opened holes on our breast. That is the main symptoms which is different because when that happen then you do not need any verification because that is confirmed symptom.

There are other many symptoms but those are confirmed. So, you can recognize breast cancer before going to doctor. Then you have to go for proper treatment for taking relief from that problem. The other symptom is that the liquid come from the nipples of the women. When you see that liquid is coming from the nipples or feel wetness on your nipples without feeding your kids then its mean that your have breast cancer. But for making sure that you are passing from that disease or not, you have to go for proper check up. And if you have cancer then you have to follow the proper treatment procedure.

The other but rare symptom is that you feel pain on your breast or nipples of the breast. In very few cases, you see that symptom but that is the symptom which makes it clear before the doctor check up.

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In the 1960s, scientists discovered that people living in the Mediterranean very little suffering from breast cancer, prostate cancer and cardiovascular disease. Warm and humid climate in these areas, Is suitable for tomato growth. Tomato Is the main food for the locals. Tomatoes contain a substance that is a key component to prevent the risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia. it is called lycopene.

Scientists have found that lycopene in the diet reduces the risk of some cancers. Lycopene belongs to “carotenoids.” It is not only exist in tomatoes, watermelon, grapefruit, rose hips (rose fruit) and dozens of fruit or vegetables also contain a certain amount of lycopene, but most abundant in tomatoes. Lycopene has the role of anti-Arteriosclerosis, so that can prevent coronary heart disease, stroke, myocardial infarction and other cardiovascular diseases, dangerous Caused by atherosclerosis. Tomato juice is rich in vitamins, cellulose, and lycopene, lycopene can improve age-related macular degeneration. Lycopene is known to be a powerful antioxidant and it is thought it may play a part in mopping up free radicals in the body, which can play a part in infertility. Lycopene can effectively prevent breast cancer. The lycopene is one kind of important kind of renieratene, it widely exists in the fruit and the vegetables. Studies show that women with lycopene-rich diets can have as much as a 50 percent lower risk of developing breast cancer And junk food is gaining new respectability: lycopene-rich tomato sauce and pizza are now thought to reduce prostate cancer risk. so that Eat more tomatoes, broccoli or fruits and vegetables in red and dark green color. They carry a huge amount of antioxidant carotenoids, lycopene and carotene. Eat lycopene can prevent stomach, colon, rectum, oral cavity, breast and uterine cancer and so on. You can’t beat ‘em as a source of lycopene, a powerful antioxidant that may help protect against cervical and breast cancers.

How to effectively eat tomatoes to prevent breast cancer You’d better eat tomatoes that is ripe, that Lycopene can be fully released and absorbed by the body. You’d better not to eat it with fasting, because that may Cause acid change and Cause stomach discomfort. Immature green tomatoes contain more chlorine, eating too much may cause physical discomfort, such as headache, dizziness, so it is best eaten ripe red tomatoes. Eat lycopene can prevent stomach, colon, rectum, oral cavity, breast and uterine cancer and so on.

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The diameter of 60 masses was less than clinical palpation. Conclusion: Molybdenum target mammography is one of the effective means in diagnosis of breast carcinoma. Mammography can detect a variety of breast tumors, cysts and other lesions, contribute to early detection of breast cancer, and reduce the mortality rate. Breast photography like the other X-ray inspection, free of radiation and penetrate the human body to imaging, Radiologist Analysis of the image is abnormal.
Many researchers deplore the use of mammography Especially error rate and radiation. The rate of false negative in 10% at least. Because Small tumor obscured by dense tissue it is not easy to be resolved. Mammography plays an important role in breast cancer prevention. it can diagnose breast cancer before the doctors. American Medical Association (AMA) and the Medical Association have suggested that many women over the age of 40 have a yearly breast mammography.

Study confirmed that mammography can detect early breast cancer, The most breast cancer can be radical, while preserving the breast. National Cancer Institute (NCI) further pointed out that The people with family history of breast cancer has a higher risk than normal. These people must consult a doctor that whether in need of mammography before the age of 40, how often to do is better. Mammography can help physicians detect small tumors. The smaller the tumor, the more treatment options can be selected with a relatively high chance of cure. Mammography is the only treatment for diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS, ductal carcinoma in situ), When removal of the carcinoma in situ the patient’s health is not affected.

The diagnosis of breast diseases depends on digital mammography. small cancer was found by mammography. The diameter of 60 masses was less than clinical palpation. Conclusion: Molybdenum target mammography is one of the effective means in diagnosis of breast carcinoma.

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A new study has found that screening by mammography increases the survival rate of breast cancer patients. The diagnosis of breast diseases depends on digital mammography. Monochrome MS51i2 (TM) is a brand new super high resolution display used for Mammography. Studies have shown that mammography has significantly reduced the breast cancer death rate, particularly for those over 50. The breast cancer are smaller in women of 40 to 49 years of age if detected on screening mammography compared to physical examination. The finding of the study was presented during the 12th annual meeting of American Society of Breast Surgeons (ASBS).

FDA has told that the techniques uses infrared imaging to measure heat and blood flow can therefore should not be used in place of mammography for cancer screening or diagnosis. Efficient generation of large-scale IR ground scene is the key of real-time infrared imaging simulation. Infrared Imaging Guidance is a homing method that using the image produced by different radiation of heat between target and background. Near infrared mammography is a new method for breast imaging for popular examination. Its merits are no radiation, without the necessaries of darkroom, etc. the technique could diagnose breast cancer by itself or even catch pre-cancerous growths years before mammography would discover them.

The mammography is, and will remain, the screening tool of choice for breast cancer for at least the next decade. If we could improve the country’s mammography rate by the same amount, we could detect as many as 25, 000 additional cases of breast cancer each year. but Used in mammography X-ray dose is about 0.7 mSv, That corresponds to three months of background radiation for ordinary people. A certain degree of harm to the human body, Pregnant women should avoid doing mammography, If there may be pregnant, must tell the doctor or radiographer. FDA has assured the use of thermography devices for an adjunct to other technologies but not for use by itself to diagnose or screen for cancer, but It has been told that the thermography promoters are claiming that the technique could diagnose breast cancer by itself or even catch pre-cancerous growths years before mammography would discover them.

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Breast cancer is the most common form of breast disease. 3% -5% of patients with breast cancer because the genetic family history. Bad living habits will result in breast disease. We should do away with bad living habits, such as excessive drinking and smoking and overeating. Bad habits will lead to overweight.

There are 50% of people are overweight in Germany. Obesity has been become a risk factor for cancer including breast cancer in postmenopausal women, colorectal cancer, endometrial cancer, kidney cancer, oesophageal adenocarcinoma and so on. It Will become a serious social problem. Because many studies have found that fatter people are more likely to get cancer, experts often recommend losing weight to reduce cancer risk. Corpulency is one of harmful habit-diseases in modern life thats caused by abnormal store of fat when anabolism of fat is high than catabolism. Obesity raises the risk if breast, wind, bowel and kidney cancer, while alcohol is known to cause cancers of the mouth, throat and liver. Eat more vegetables, fruits, soy or fish can prevent breast cancer effective, These have been confirmed. Healthy lifestyle can reduce the risk of breast cacner. Plenty of exercise and good nutrition are the basics for maintaining a healthy body. eat more fish, do not eat grilled foods is meaningful for the prevention of breast cancer. Frying in vegetable oil results in carcinogenic substances due to burned oil. the different harmful substances of edible oils, such as rancid oil, overused frying oil and rough oil produced by the oil press without being refined. Incidence rate which Japanese women’s breast cancer was only 1 / 4 Germany or the United States. The time of estrogen secretion was advanced, The female breasts begin to develop fully during puberty as a result of hormonal stimulation. it increased risk of breast cancer. The processes of giving birth and breastfeeding protected a woman from breast cancer more than anything else. The damage that staying up late can do to our health is beyond imagination. Staying up will reduce your time for sleeping and result in inefficient rest and adjustment of brain and organs, which will cause severe harm to your health.

Sure, we must also get rid of many bad habits, such as smoking, stay up late, and drinking wine and so on, they are bad for our health. Getting rid of the bad habits like smoking, drinking alcohol, and stay up all night, is also an important to keep healthy. The patients treated using the CLS for 3 years, Survival rate was 72%.

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The results show that the following foods with good anti-cancer function, Regular consumption will play a role in preventing breast cancer.

1. Garlic can prevent breast cancer.Garlic contains allicin and selenium. Garlic contains antibiotic properties that are proven safe and effective in treating pimples as well as acne. Phytoncide garlic contains, in addition to the role of the kill cells, for a variety of viruses also kill role. it is A very good food, which is very important is the ability to prevent cancer. General, several times a week can have a preventive effect of breast cancer.

2. carrots can prevent breast cancer.Carrots: Carrots contain vitamin B, C, and contain a special nutrients – carotene. it includes the rich carbohydrate, the protein, and many kinds of Vitamins, the carrot element and the many kinds of trace elements. A team of researchers, from the University of Newcastle upon Tyne in England and Denmark, found the natural pesticide falcarinol reduced the risk of cancer. Carotene was ingested and then Converted into vitamin A. Vitamin A can maintain the normal human epithelial tissue structure and function, making it difficult violations of carcinogenic substances. Particularly suitable for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer.

3. Asparagus can prevent breast cancer.Asparagus in addition to the rich in vitamins, but also rich in glutathione. It contains a variety of anti-cancer nutrients. Especially vitamin A and vitamin C. it Contains a wealth of tissue protein which Can effectively inhibit cancer cell growth. Containing a wealth of folic acid, nucleic acid, selenium and asparaginase, can inhibit of cancer cell growth And prevent the spread of cancer cells.

4. Hericium can prevent breast cancer.Currently Hericium has been widely used in health care and treatment of gastrointestinal disease. Hericium effect on gastric cancer, extended survival of patients, improve immunity. Hericium with high nutritional value, it contains polysaccharides, peptides have a strong inhibitory effect on cancer cells.

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British doctors have developed a breast cancer detection method it whether can diagnosed with breast cancer. The method has been tested in some hospitals in London, British National Health Service agencies will promote it in the UK. It is called breast lymph node assay for rapid diagnosis, It is mainly to check whether the cancer of the breast has spread.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in the UK. Every year some 460,000 women are diagnosed with the disease. Most patients require surgery to remove the tumor or the entire breast. The doctors need to check and confirm whether the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes Before surgery. About one-third of patients with cancer will spread to the lymph nodes. However, the current method of ultrasound or biopsy may miss 10% to 15% of cases.

Currently, Britain has more than 750 patients received breast lymph node testing. 160 patients at the Royal Surrey County Hospital for nucleic acid amplification tests in Japan. 500 patients received mammary lymph node detection test at the Queen Alexandra Hospital. Detected by molecular means testing in the breast tissue rich in normal lymph nodes in the small number of cells. Both testing methods are dependent on the sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer. Doctors removed tissue through the implementation of surgery. Then sent to the pathology laboratory for testing.

Test samples with a microscope may take several weeks, the new detection method uses molecular biological techniques, in a special solution of lymph node tissue decomposition and replication, 30 to 45 minutes results can be obtained.

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